Throttling occurs, though I can't see the details at those temperatures.
Throttling occurs, though I can't see the details at those temperatures.
Considering similar ideas, I'll review them with everyone else. Thanks.
Additionally, under actual usage conditions, a 20% load provides sufficient testing for power consumption and temperature at full capacity. At 95% utilization, P95 typically requires 140-150% of real-world power draw. A 65W configuration (such as 3.7GHz) could draw around 95W. For a 10.7µm process, 4.3 would correspond to approximately 95W, while 4.7 would be near 135W, depending on the manufacturing variation (ensure the VRM can support it).
Power limits can be adjusted in the BIOS or motherboard settings. The i7-10700K is a 125W rated chip. If overclocking reaches this limit, the CPU will slow down to stay within 125W. You should find a setting in BIOS to raise the power cap—perhaps entering "255" or similar. While using HWinfo and running Prime95, monitor the VRM temperature as well. Keep your note about the VRM on the board in mind; some Z490 boards perform poorly, even with overclocked i5-10600K or better i7-10700K. Certain ASRock Z490 models often experience issues like excessive VRM heat and throttling. The Gigabyte Z490M (or its updated version) also showed similar problems. EDIT: I recall Hardware Unboxed did some budget Z490 testing...
I would adjust the voltages manually and test gradually until you locate the optimal setting for the CPU... it's generally safer to operate at 100MHz or 200MHz below the maximum clock speed your CPU can reach, but with significantly lower power consumption... that's the approach I've followed consistently. For instance, my CPU could handle 5.0GHz without issues, yet we're operating above 1.32V and it becomes excessively hot for any meaningful performance improvement.