Yes, you can play CSGO.
Yes, you can play CSGO.
You can play CS:GO on your ASUS AMD V140 setup. It should run smoothly given the specs, but performance may vary depending on game settings and updates.
It seems like you're referring to a single-core processor. I wouldn't recommend it, as CS GO is more demanding on the CPU. It might not run smoothly and could cause noticeable lag.
This laptop isn't powerful enough. It probably won't handle Vista well.
It seems like you're suggesting checking out a guide to maximize your efforts.