Yes, Android can run as an operating system on PC hardware through virtualization or emulation.
Yes, Android can run as an operating system on PC hardware through virtualization or emulation.
Android is possible as a standalone operating system, not just through emulators. Yes, there are examples of running Android directly on devices or computers without an emulator.
Drivers presents another challenge since Android doesn't come with drivers for your GPU, Wi-Fi, NIC, etc., by default. It operates on a customized Linux kernel that excludes features mobile devices typically don’t require. There’s the Android-x86 initiative, which is trying to adapt Android for x86 platforms—more details available on their site. Hardware compatibility remains a major hurdle. As noted by @Electronics Wizardy, this setup isn’t optimized for desktops, and the applications designed for it aren’t suitable either. It’s usually wiser to opt for a desktop version of Linux instead.
On Knightworld you can launch Android apps from a desktop PC using androidx86 distributions. PhoenixOS and remixes are examples of such setups.