Need assistance? I'm here to help.
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It seems you might have damaged your motherboard by connecting the wrong pinout. This often occurs when excessive voltage is applied, causing a loud pop and unpleasant odor. The Molex to 2x2 connector isn’t built for high power, so overloading it could lead to failure. To check, try removing the Molex to 2x2 connector and see if the motherboard boots with the 4x2 pin connected. If it still doesn’t work, re-seat the CPU and RAM. If that fails, replacing the motherboard might be necessary.
The 9020 requires a different power connector than standard ones. You connected your PSU using the appropriate method for that specific board.
I'm not sure about the problem, but I've never seen a fan die suddenly like that before. From what I know, when components fail from overvoltage, they usually shut down quietly without making noise. The sound you heard might have come from a cap on the motherboard. It seems unlikely such an event would damage both the CPU and GPU at once if you're getting no GPU or integrated graphics signal but still have power. I'd suspect the motherboard was involved. You probably considered this, but I'm just adding it for safety. When you put in that board, did you check that no metal parts were touching the back side? I recall Optiplex boards are unusual in size and shape—maybe something from the case got in contact.
EDIT: Echo makes a valid observation. I handle warranty cases for Optiplex systems with Dell, and the PSU connectors I'm familiar with are typically 4-pin CPUs while the main board uses an 8-pin. Dell generally doesn't support 20 or 24-pin connectors.
Dell and other manufacturers employ a unique motherboard connector…unless you verified your pin layout perfectly matched the original power supply, you risk ending up with a nonfunctional board and possibly other faulty parts. The sound suggests this is happening.
I didn’t overthink it much and I should have paid more attention; the motherboard does have an unusual shape, but I don’t believe anything was damaged in my situation—though it could still be a problem.
I was attempting to use the 4 and 8 pin, but it seems the power source was incorrect. The motherboard doesn’t have a 20/24 pin connector, so I had to connect the PSU differently to get power.
It seems you used an 8-pin PCIE in the designated spot on the Dell board. It might have been a mistake if it matched the keying and fit, but that’s Dell’s way, so I’m not questioning it. The standard PSU 8-pin PCIE provides only 12 volts, though I’m unsure about the exact pin configuration on the motherboard. Since the main system board is likely to include 3.3V and 5V along with 12V, it’s possible you connected 12V to a lower voltage pin and caused damage. The SATA power connector also draws from the motherboard, using all three voltages.
You probably ruined everything. Dell motherboards don’t follow ATX standards—they use a special cable, and you can’t just replace it. It’s unlikely anything will work anymore. Edit: The GPU is the only part that might still function. I’d give up on the rest of the system.