Yes, you can connect your Ethernet cable from the desktop PC to the server to provide internet access.
Yes, you can connect your Ethernet cable from the desktop PC to the server to provide internet access.
I understand this might seem simple, but I'd like to see if it's feasible.
Internet access is required for this setup. Using a shared network connection behaves somewhat like a half-NAT configuration. When setting up port forwarding for the server, be aware you might run into problems. Follow Lurick's recommendation and purchase an affordable switch supporting 10/100/1000 Mbps. Confirm the product label clearly states it is a switch—not a hub—and that all interfaces support 10/100/1000 Mbps, not just 10/100 or a single interface.