Socket 478 and LGA 775 processors support Windows operating systems.
Socket 478 and LGA 775 processors support Windows operating systems.
You have processors from around 2005 with socket 478 and LGA 775 chipsets. These support older operating systems like Windows XP, Linux distributions such as Ubuntu or Linux Mint, and other lightweight OS options. Both motherboards you mentioned—Asus P4S800-MX and Asus P5E-VM DO—are compatible with these systems and can boot from USB drives.
It varies based on the CPU and other components, not just the socket. You might be able to install Windows 10 on the S478 and LGA 775 models, but a Linux distribution would work better. Could you share the specific CPU models? Also, do these systems come pre-assembled or are they custom-built?
Almost all 478 CPUs are 32bit and they don't have NX bit so Windows 7 32bit is the newest Windows version that officially works on them. Window 7 runs decently on higher clocked Pentium 4's if it has enough RAM and supported GPU. If you want something that has support, Lubuntu 18.04 would be pretty good choice. It's the last 32bit Lubuntu version and has two years of support left. Or you could use something Debian based, even the newest versions still have 32bit versions. If it has less than 1GB RAM, use Windows XP. The LGA775 P5E-VM DO is a Q35 chipset board from 2007 or 2008 so it could have anything from Pentium 4 to Core2 Quad. Core2 Duo or Quad with enough RAM (and SSD) can run Windows 10 or any modern Linux distro without problems.