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It looks like you're considering a fresh installation of Windows. That can be a secure option if you're unsure about the current setup.
The institution's branding could have included a rule blocking the local admin account entirely
There’s no certainty about whether it was hosted on a domain. I believe domains aren’t typical in schools, unlike in corporate settings. If you can’t access any accounts, the simplest approach is creating a bootable USB for Windows 10 or Linux, wiping the drive, and installing your preferred operating system. Drivers for Dell devices are usually available if you’re using Windows. It seems like you might be just starting out—this could be a helpful chance for a friend to guide you through the process.
If you got a used computer from a business/school just wipe it clean and start fresh. No point in being nosy with other peoples' information or what was saved on their drives. But you know.... if the disks or data wasn't ever encrypted then you could probably access the stuff using a live USB.